Pigmentation spots
Also known as: hyperpigmentation, age spots, sun spots, melasma
Excess melanin production in the skin, appearing as darker patches. There are four main types: sun damage, melasma, post-inflammatory marks and birthmarks.
Pigmentation spots, or hyperpigmentation, are darker patches of skin caused by a local increase in melanin. Causes: UV radiation, hormonal changes (melasma of pregnancy), the after-effects of skin inflammation (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) and ageing (lentigines). At Estonian beauty salons and beauty clinics, treatments for reducing pigmentation spots range from home-care creams and salon treatments to medical laser and IPL procedures.
How do pigmentation spots form and how are they treated?
Melanocytes produce melanin in response to UV radiation, hormones and inflammation -- and when the pigment concentrates locally, a pigmentation spot forms. Treatment methods are divided by depth: chemical peels, microdermabrasion, niacinamide and azelaic acid suit treating surface-layer pigmentation spots (epidermal). Deeper dermal pigmentation spots need a laser (Q-switched, picosecond) or an IPL procedure.
Prescription tretinoin, recommended by a dermatologist, is one of the strongest available creams. Hydroquinone (1-4%) is the classic pigmentation-reducing agent, available in Estonia only by prescription. SPF 50 is mandatory -- without sun protection, pigmentation spots return immediately.
Pigmentation spots in Estonia
At Estonian beauty salons, a facial treatment for reducing pigmentation spots typically costs €60-110 per session, with a course of 4-6 sessions costing €240-600. Laser or IPL procedures at beauty clinics cost €90-180 per session. During the consultation, the cosmetologist or doctor assesses the depth of the pigmentation spot and its likely cause (melasma versus sun damage) and draws up a personal treatment plan.
Frequently asked questions
What are pigmentation spots?
Pigmentation spots are darker patches of skin caused by a local increase in melanin. Causes: sun, hormonal changes, ageing, the after-effects of inflammation. Treatment depends on the depth and cause of the spot.
Is pigmentation-spot treatment safe in Estonia?
Yes, cosmetic treatments (peels, niacinamide, azelaic acid) are safe in the hands of a trained cosmetologist. Laser and IPL procedures are carried out at a beauty clinic holding a Health Board (Terviseamet) operating licence -- always ask to see their credentials.
Where can I learn more about pigmentation spots?
Consult a cosmetologist at an Estonian beauty salon or a dermatologist at a beauty clinic, who will assess the type and depth of the spots. Consistent use of SPF 50 is always part of the treatment plan.
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